Questions Learning Videos
Account questions
Learning video's unclear
The easiest way to ask questions about the videos is by leaving comments on our YouTube or Facebook. We check these comments regularly.
If you have a specific question, you can always email me at martijntct@gmail.com or call at Phone.
Abbreviations and definitions
| Name | Description | Used on site |
|---|---|---|
| [La+Pyr]B | The concentration in mmol/l of Lactate and Pyruvate in the bloodstream. | |
| [La+Pyr]M | The concentration in mmol/l of Lactate and Pyruvate in the muscle. | |
| [Lass] | Lactate concentration in Steady state (in mmol/l). | |
| Base Excess | Base excess (BE) is a measure of the amount of acid or base that would have to be added to the blood to restore the normal pH of 7.4 at a certain temperature and carbon dioxide pressure. It indicates the metabolic acid-base status of the body. A normal value is -2 to +2 mEq/L. A negative value means a base deficit, while a positive value means a base excess. | |
| L/P ratio | The L/P ratio stands for the lactate-to-pyruvate ratio. The L/P ratio is a reflection of the redox state of the cytoplasm | |
| Lactate Distribution Space | The lactate distribution space refers to the total space in which lactate is distributed within the body. It is composed of two compartments: (M) the previously working muscles and (S) the remaining lactate space. The rates of lactate release and utilization in these compartments are proportional to their lactate contents | |
| NAD+ | NADsup>+ stands for Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is a coenzyme found in all living cells and is essential for the metabolic processing of nutrients. NADsup>+ serves as an essential cofactor involved in fundamental biological processes. | |
| NAD+ / NADH - ratio | The NAD+ / NADH-ratio is a measure of the balance between the oxidized and reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) within a cell. This ratio plays a crucial role in regulating the intracellular redox state, especially in the mitochondria and nucleus. A decrease in the NAD+/NADH ratio can cause enzymes involved in metabolism to decrease in activity, resulting in an altered metabolic situation. | |
| NADH | NADH stands for Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H+). It is the reduced form of NAD+ and occurs naturally in the body, playing a role in generating energy. NADH is involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another. | |
| pH | pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale of 0 to 14. It is based on the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity or concentration in the solution. A pH of 7 represents neutrality, lower numbers indicate increasing acidity, and higher numbers indicate increasing alkalinity. pH depends on temperature and varies for different solutions. pH is widely used in chemistry, biology, and agronomy. |
Literature and Links
| Autors | Name | Description | Taggs | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Mader | Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation as a function of cytosolic phosphorylation state and power output of the muscle cell | Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003 Jan;88(4-5):317-38. doi: 10.1007/s00421-002-0676-3. | More Info | |
| A Mader, H Heck | A theory of the metabolic origin of 'anaerobic threshold' | Int J Sports Med. 1986 Jun; 7 Suppl 1:45 - 65. | More Info | |
| A. Mader | Die komponenten der Stoffwechselleistung in den leichtathletischen Ausdauerdisziplinen - Bedeutung fur die Wettkampfleistung und moglichkeiten zu ihrer bestimmung. | A very practical explanation about steady state metabolism. | More Info | |
| Alan W. Grogono | Acid Base tutorial | A tutorial website it was a verry interactive site in the past but the infromation about Acid base is verry clear and easy to understand. | More Info | |
| Brooks GA, Arevalo JA, Osmond AD, Leija RG, Curl CC, Tovar AP. | Lactate in contemporary biology: a phoenix risen. | J Physiol. 2022 Mar; 600(5):1229 - 1251.doi: 10.1113 / JP280955.Epub 2021 Feb 25.PMID: 33566386; PMCID: PMC9188361.o | More Info | |
| H. Freund & P. Zouloumian | Lactate after exercise in man: I. Evolution kinetics in arterial blood | European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology volume 46, pages121–133 (1981) | More Info | |
| Hermann Heck, Ulrich Bartmus, Volker Grabow | Laktat: Stoffwechselgrundlagen, Leistungsdiagnostik, Trainingssteuerung | A German book about the theme of lactate that I reference in the video 'WhatIsTREFF'. | More Info | |
| J. Kofstad | All about base excess – to BE or not to BE | A blog post about Base Excess | More Info | |
| Kerry Brandis | Anaesthesia Education Website | a website that has an excelent tutorail babout Acid-Base Physiology. | More Info | |
| Prof. Dr. Petra Platen | Spomedial e.V. | a German website with learning contend about physiology. | More Info |
Log in to your account
If you're having trouble logging in, you can contact us at martijntct@gmail.com or call at Phone.
Subscription questions
At the moment, the TREFF site doesn't charge anything for its services. However, there is a monthly limit on the number of calls per account to prevent excessive data usage. If you need more data calls, please email me. If you appreciate our work and would like to support us, feel free to use the "Buy Me a Coffee" button.