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Abbreviations and definitions
| Name | Description | Used on site |
|---|---|---|
| [ADP] | The adenosine diphosphate concentration in mmol/l. [ADP] stands for Adenosine Diphosphate. It is a nucleotide composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups. It is formed by the removal of a phosphate from ATP and can be converted back to ATP by the addition of a phosphate and energy. It functions in the transfer of energy during cell metabolism. | |
| [AMP] | The adenosine monophosphate concentration in mmol/l. [AMP] stands for Adenosine Monophosphate. It is a nucleotide composed of adenosine and one phosphate group. It is formed by the removal of two phosphates from ATP and can be converted back to ATP by the addition of two phosphates and energy. It functions in the transfer of energy during cell metabolism. | |
| [ATP] | The adenosine triphosphate concentration in mmol/l. [ATP] stands for adenosine triphosphate. It is a nucleotide composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups. It provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, | |
| [P]i | Inorganic phosphate concentration in mmol/l. | |
| [PCr] | The creatine phosphate concentration in mmol/l. PCr stands for Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate. It is a phosphorylated form of creatine that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle, myocardium and the brain to recycle adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. | |
| [SC] | [SC] the sum of [PCr] and [ATP]. | |
| Anaerobic | In the context of the TREFF-model, anaerobic refers to the process of generating energy without oxygen. It describes the part of the total energy demand in the muscle that is regenerated by the use of non-oxygen sources, which is measured by the amount of ATP usage | |
| Anaerobic Threshold | The anaerobic threshold is the level of work or oxygen consumption at which aerobic energy production is supplemented by anaerobic mechanisms, causing a sustained increase in lactate and metabolic acidosis. It is the highest exercise intensity that can be sustained for a prolonged period without lactate substantially building up in the blood. In the TREFF-model, we use the name VT2 to describe the same phenomenon, but with a slightly different definition | |
| Carbs | Carbohydrates, often called “carbs” for short, are a type of macronutrient found in many foods and beverages. They are made up of molecules of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) and have the general chemical formula Cx(H2O)y. Most carbs occur naturally in plant-based foods, such as grains, fruits, and vegetables. Food manufacturers also add carbs to processed foods in the form of starch or added sugar. | |
| CHEP-system | The CHEP-system refers to the cytosolic high-energy phosphate system, which includes ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr). The ATP/PCr equilibrium of the CHEP-system is calculated by algebraic equations. |
Literature and Links
| Autors | Name | Description | Taggs | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Mader | Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation as a function of cytosolic phosphorylation state and power output of the muscle cell | Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003 Jan;88(4-5):317-38. doi: 10.1007/s00421-002-0676-3. | More Info | |
| A Mader, H Heck | A theory of the metabolic origin of 'anaerobic threshold' | Int J Sports Med. 1986 Jun; 7 Suppl 1:45 - 65. | More Info | |
| A. Mader | Die komponenten der Stoffwechselleistung in den leichtathletischen Ausdauerdisziplinen - Bedeutung fur die Wettkampfleistung und moglichkeiten zu ihrer bestimmung. | A very practical explanation about steady state metabolism. | More Info | |
| Hermann Heck, Ulrich Bartmus, Volker Grabow | Laktat: Stoffwechselgrundlagen, Leistungsdiagnostik, Trainingssteuerung | A German book about the theme of lactate that I reference in the video 'WhatIsTREFF'. | More Info | |
| Khan Academy | Oxidative Phosphorylation: The major energy provider of the cell | Test prep MCAT Foundation 1: Biomolecules Krebs (citric acid) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. | More Info | |
| Prof. Dr. Petra Platen | Spomedial e.V. | a German website with learning contend about physiology. | More Info |
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