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Abbreviations and definitions
| Name | Description | Used on site |
|---|---|---|
| [ADP] | The adenosine diphosphate concentration in mmol/l. [ADP] stands for Adenosine Diphosphate. It is a nucleotide composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups. It is formed by the removal of a phosphate from ATP and can be converted back to ATP by the addition of a phosphate and energy. It functions in the transfer of energy during cell metabolism. | |
| [AMP] | The adenosine monophosphate concentration in mmol/l. [AMP] stands for Adenosine Monophosphate. It is a nucleotide composed of adenosine and one phosphate group. It is formed by the removal of two phosphates from ATP and can be converted back to ATP by the addition of two phosphates and energy. It functions in the transfer of energy during cell metabolism. | |
| [ATP] | The adenosine triphosphate concentration in mmol/l. [ATP] stands for adenosine triphosphate. It is a nucleotide composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups. It provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, | |
| [Ca]2+ | The [Ca]2+ concentration in mmol/l. [Ca]2+ refers to calcium ions. Calcium ions (Ca2+) contribute to the physiology and biochemistry of organisms' cells. They play an important role in signal transduction pathways, where they act as a second messenger, in neurotransmitter release from neurons, in contraction of all muscle cell types, and in fertilization. | |
| [P]i | Inorganic phosphate concentration in mmol/l. | |
| [PCr] | The creatine phosphate concentration in mmol/l. PCr stands for Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate. It is a phosphorylated form of creatine that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle, myocardium and the brain to recycle adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. | |
| [SC] | [SC] the sum of [PCr] and [ATP]. | |
| Δ[GP] | Δ[GP] represents the change in the amount of high-energy phosphates ([ATP] and [PCr]) in the muscle. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and PCr (phosphocreatine) are both high-energy molecules that store and release energy to fuel cellular processes. The change in their concentration can reflect the energy status of the muscle cell. | |
| φATP, cyt | φGATP, cyt is a term used to describe the free energy change of ATP hydrolysis in the cytosol. | |
| CHEP-system | The CHEP-system refers to the cytosolic high-energy phosphate system, which includes ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr). The ATP/PCr equilibrium of the CHEP-system is calculated by algebraic equations. |
Literature and Links
| Autors | Name | Description | Taggs | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Mader | Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation as a function of cytosolic phosphorylation state and power output of the muscle cell | Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003 Jan;88(4-5):317-38. doi: 10.1007/s00421-002-0676-3. | More Info | |
| A Mader, H Heck | A theory of the metabolic origin of 'anaerobic threshold' | Int J Sports Med. 1986 Jun; 7 Suppl 1:45 - 65. | More Info | |
| A. Mader | Die komponenten der Stoffwechselleistung in den leichtathletischen Ausdauerdisziplinen - Bedeutung fur die Wettkampfleistung und moglichkeiten zu ihrer bestimmung. | A very practical explanation about steady state metabolism. | More Info | |
| Allen D. Elster, MD FACR | MRI Questions | Some theoretical background informations about MRI measurments | More Info | |
| Hermann Heck, Ulrich Bartmus, Volker Grabow | Laktat: Stoffwechselgrundlagen, Leistungsdiagnostik, Trainingssteuerung | A German book about the theme of lactate that I reference in the video 'WhatIsTREFF'. | More Info | |
| Prof. Dr. Petra Platen | Spomedial e.V. | a German website with learning contend about physiology. | More Info |
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